Abstract
Each of four theoretical traditions in the study of American politics – which can be characterized as theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy, Economic Elite Domination, and two types of interest group pluralism, Majoritarian Pluralism and Biased Pluralism – offers different predictions about which sets of actors have how much influence over public policy: average citizens; economic elites; and organized interest groups, mass-based or business-oriented.
A great deal of empirical research speaks to the policy influence of one or another set of actors, but until recently it has not been possible to test these contrasting theoretical predictions against each other within a single statistical model. This paper reports on an effort to do so, using a unique data set that includes measures of the key variables for 1,779 policy issues.
Multivariate analysis indicates that economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on U.S. government policy, while average citizens and mass-based interest groups have little or no independent influence. The results provide substantial support for theories of Economic Elite Domination and for theories of Biased Pluralism, but not for theories of Majoritarian Electoral Democracy or Majoritarian Pluralism.
Comments
3. Post in the correct forum.
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Well, it was my judgement that the nature of the study (as well of my post) was benign enough not to hurt anyone's feelings, nor is this a call for discussion or debate. Just a great study that we were discussing, that I figured I would share with others.
*shrug* fair enough. I thought people would enjoy the read - but apparently it's more fun to cast anything with the word "government" in it off limits.
Not even going to post in this thread (unless someone actually wants to discuss the subject matter). Just sharing a good article.
https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/09/death-to-the-gamer/
The author keeps returning to the idea that media as a component of one's identity is tidily, risibly reducible to the purchase of consumer goods. Yes, fine, consumerism is insidious, etc. etc., standard leftist disclaimers go here.
But I would argue that the narratives that resonate with us and the forms in which we prefer to enjoy/engage with them are a little more than buying and selling. I doubt this author would say the same dismissive things about readers or appreciators of the visual arts, even though corporate forces, brainless mass-appeal techniques, and odious cliques of fans are involved in those also. Interactive games are a younger art form with a narrower, less diverse body of creators and high-profile critics than other, more venerable formats. But they aren't illegitimate.
The present state of the Gamer Community (tm) is a hot-button issue lately, and I share the opinion of many that video games and those who appreciate, create, and market them are not immune to criticism -- including criticism of the subtler messages they send. I just don't think coming at it from a supercilious "look at these bourgeois sorts with their media (read: video games) that's all just products" perspective is very useful or fair.
Edit: A better critique from that angle, in a broader sense, is linked within the article you posted.